City of David

The City of David is the oldest settled core of Jerusalem, a narrow archaeological ridge just south of the Old City walls in the neighbourhood of Silwan. Occupied for thousands of years, it is where the ancient city first grew up around a reliable spring, long before the great walls seen today were ever built.

Its excavations are among the most significant, and most debated, in the region. Ongoing digs have exposed massive stone fortifications, a stepped stone structure, pools and building foundations that many scholars link to the biblical kingdom, alongside a wealth of everyday artefacts, seals and inscriptions. The site is presented as an archaeological park, and its interpretation remains the subject of intense academic and political discussion.

Its most famous feature runs underground. Hezekiah's Tunnel, an eighth-century-BC aqueduct hewn by hand through solid rock to carry water from the Gihon Spring to the Pool of Siloam within the ancient walls, can still be waded through by visitors, ankle- to knee-deep in cool flowing spring water. A dry parallel Canaanite channel offers an alternative route for those who prefer to keep their feet out of the water.

For visitors it is one of Jerusalem's most hands-on sites. Reached on foot just below the Dung Gate, it is ticketed and best seen with a guide or audio tour to make sense of the many layers. Wear shoes you can get thoroughly wet, bring a torch for the dark tunnel, and expect a great many steps; the site is not suited to those with limited mobility, but it offers a vivid, physical descent into the city's deepest past. Reserve a timed ticket in advance during holidays, when the narrow tunnel can back up with school groups and pilgrims.