Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai

Around Mumbai's Oval Maidan, two building booms face each other across the grass. The Victorian Neo-Gothic ensemble of the later 19th century — adapted to the climate with balconies and verandas — meets early 20th-century Art Deco cinemas and apartment blocks whose fusion of Indian design with Deco imagery earned the name Indo-Deco. Together they chronicle Mumbai's successive waves of modernization, inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage in 2018.